"fūlaz" meaning in All languages combined

See fūlaz on Wiktionary

Adjective [Proto-Germanic]

IPA: /ˈɸuː.lɑz/
Rhymes: -uː.lɑz Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *púH-lo-s, from *puH- (“to be rotten; putrid”). Cognate with Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rot”), Latin pūs (“foul, corrupt matter; pus”), Sanskrit पूयति (pūyati, “rots, smells”), Persian پوسیدن (pusidan, “to rot”). Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*puH-}}, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro||*púH-lo-s}} Proto-Indo-European *púH-lo-s, {{cog|lt|pū́ti|t=to rot}} Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rot”), {{cog|la|pūs|t=foul, corrupt matter; pus}} Latin pūs (“foul, corrupt matter; pus”), {{cog|sa|पूयति|t=rots, smells}} Sanskrit पूयति (pūyati, “rots, smells”), {{cog|fa|پوسیدن|t=to rot|tr=pusidan}} Persian پوسیدن (pusidan, “to rot”) Head templates: {{gem-adj}} *fūlaz Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], fūlaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], fūlō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], fūlą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], fūlai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], fūlôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], fūlō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], fūlanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], fūlǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], fūlą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], fūlanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], fūlōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], fūlō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], fūlas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], fūlaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], fūlas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], fūlaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], fūlaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], fūlaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], fūlammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], fūlaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], fūlammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], fūlaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], fūlaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], fūlaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], fūlanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], fūlaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], fūlanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], fūlaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], fūlaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], fūlaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], fūlô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], fūlǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], fūlô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], fūlaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], fūlōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], fūlōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], fūlanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], fūlōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], fūlô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], fūlanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], fūlōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], fūlōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], fūliniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], fūlōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], fūliniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], fūlanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], fūlōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], fūlanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], fūlini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], fūlōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], fūlini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], fūlammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], fūlōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], fūlammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], fūlinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], fūlōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], fūlinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], fūlammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], fūlōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], fūlammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. foul, dirty Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-fūlaz-gem-pro-adj-A7ymC81H Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 50 50
  2. rotten Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-fūlaz-gem-pro-adj-7aVlqQZ- Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 50 50
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: fawjaną, fūlą, fūlį̄, fūô
Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 0 0 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 0
{
  "categories": [
    {
      "_dis": "0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    },
    {
      "_dis": "0 0",
      "kind": "other",
      "name": "Pages with entries",
      "parents": [],
      "source": "w+disamb"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "foul"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "foul"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle English",
              "lang_code": "enm",
              "word": "foul"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old English",
          "lang_code": "ang",
          "word": "fūl"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
              "lang_code": "stq",
              "word": "fuul"
            },
            {
              "lang": "West Frisian",
              "lang_code": "fy",
              "word": "fûl"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Frisian",
          "lang_code": "ofs",
          "word": "fūl"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "fuul"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Plautdietsch",
                  "lang_code": "pdt",
                  "word": "ful"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Low German",
              "lang_code": "gml",
              "word": "vûl"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Saxon",
          "lang_code": "osx",
          "raw_tags": [
            "in derivatives"
          ],
          "word": "*fūl"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Afrikaans",
                      "lang_code": "af",
                      "word": "vuil"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Dutch",
                  "lang_code": "nl",
                  "word": "vuil"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Dutch",
              "lang_code": "dum",
              "word": "vuul"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Dutch",
          "lang_code": "odt",
          "raw_tags": [
            "in derivatives"
          ],
          "word": "*fūl"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Cimbrian",
                  "lang_code": "cim",
                  "word": "baul"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Cimbrian",
                  "lang_code": "cim",
                  "word": "vaul"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "faul"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Yiddish",
                  "lang_code": "yi",
                  "roman": "foyl",
                  "word": "פֿױל"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "vūl"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Cimbrian",
                  "lang_code": "cim",
                  "word": "baul"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Cimbrian",
                  "lang_code": "cim",
                  "word": "vaul"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "faul"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Yiddish",
                  "lang_code": "yi",
                  "roman": "foyl",
                  "word": "פֿױל"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "voul"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "fūl"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
      "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
      "word": "*fūl"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "word": "fúll"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "lang_code": "fo",
          "word": "fúlur"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "lang_code": "nb",
          "word": "ful"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "lang_code": "nn",
          "word": "ful"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "ful"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Swedish",
          "lang_code": "gmq-osw",
          "word": "fūl"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "word": "ful"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Gutnish",
          "lang_code": "gmq-gut",
          "word": "fäul"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Norse",
      "lang_code": "non",
      "word": "fúll"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "lang_code": "got",
      "roman": "fūls",
      "word": "𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*puH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*púH-lo-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *púH-lo-s",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "pū́ti",
        "t": "to rot"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pūs",
        "t": "foul, corrupt matter; pus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pūs (“foul, corrupt matter; pus”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "पूयति",
        "t": "rots, smells"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit पूयति (pūyati, “rots, smells”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "پوسیدن",
        "t": "to rot",
        "tr": "pusidan"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian پوسیدن (pusidan, “to rot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *púH-lo-s, from *puH- (“to be rotten; putrid”). Cognate with Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rot”), Latin pūs (“foul, corrupt matter; pus”), Sanskrit पूयति (pūyati, “rots, smells”), Persian پوسیدن (pusidan, “to rot”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "*fūlaz",
      "name": "gem-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fūlaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fawjaną"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fūlą"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fūlį̄"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "fūô"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "foul, dirty"
      ],
      "id": "en-fūlaz-gem-pro-adj-A7ymC81H",
      "links": [
        [
          "foul",
          "foul"
        ],
        [
          "dirty",
          "dirty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "rotten"
      ],
      "id": "en-fūlaz-gem-pro-adj-7aVlqQZ-",
      "links": [
        [
          "rotten",
          "rotten"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɸuː.lɑz/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uː.lɑz"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "fūlaz"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *puH-",
    "Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/uː.lɑz",
    "Rhymes:Proto-Germanic/uː.lɑz/2 syllables"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "English",
                  "lang_code": "en",
                  "word": "foul"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Scots",
                  "lang_code": "sco",
                  "word": "foul"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle English",
              "lang_code": "enm",
              "word": "foul"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old English",
          "lang_code": "ang",
          "word": "fūl"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Saterland Frisian",
              "lang_code": "stq",
              "word": "fuul"
            },
            {
              "lang": "West Frisian",
              "lang_code": "fy",
              "word": "fûl"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Frisian",
          "lang_code": "ofs",
          "word": "fūl"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "German Low German",
                  "lang_code": "nds",
                  "word": "fuul"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Plautdietsch",
                  "lang_code": "pdt",
                  "word": "ful"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Low German",
              "lang_code": "gml",
              "word": "vûl"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Saxon",
          "lang_code": "osx",
          "raw_tags": [
            "in derivatives"
          ],
          "word": "*fūl"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "descendants": [
                    {
                      "lang": "Afrikaans",
                      "lang_code": "af",
                      "word": "vuil"
                    }
                  ],
                  "lang": "Dutch",
                  "lang_code": "nl",
                  "word": "vuil"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle Dutch",
              "lang_code": "dum",
              "word": "vuul"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Dutch",
          "lang_code": "odt",
          "raw_tags": [
            "in derivatives"
          ],
          "word": "*fūl"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Cimbrian",
                  "lang_code": "cim",
                  "word": "baul"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Cimbrian",
                  "lang_code": "cim",
                  "word": "vaul"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "faul"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Yiddish",
                  "lang_code": "yi",
                  "roman": "foyl",
                  "word": "פֿױל"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "vūl"
            },
            {
              "descendants": [
                {
                  "lang": "Cimbrian",
                  "lang_code": "cim",
                  "word": "baul"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Cimbrian",
                  "lang_code": "cim",
                  "word": "vaul"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "German",
                  "lang_code": "de",
                  "word": "faul"
                },
                {
                  "lang": "Yiddish",
                  "lang_code": "yi",
                  "roman": "foyl",
                  "word": "פֿױל"
                }
              ],
              "lang": "Middle High German",
              "lang_code": "gmh",
              "word": "voul"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old High German",
          "lang_code": "goh",
          "word": "fūl"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
      "lang_code": "gmw-pro",
      "word": "*fūl"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Icelandic",
          "lang_code": "is",
          "word": "fúll"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Faroese",
          "lang_code": "fo",
          "word": "fúlur"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
          "lang_code": "nb",
          "word": "ful"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
          "lang_code": "nn",
          "word": "ful"
        },
        {
          "descendants": [
            {
              "lang": "Swedish",
              "lang_code": "sv",
              "word": "ful"
            }
          ],
          "lang": "Old Swedish",
          "lang_code": "gmq-osw",
          "word": "fūl"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Danish",
          "lang_code": "da",
          "word": "ful"
        },
        {
          "lang": "Gutnish",
          "lang_code": "gmq-gut",
          "word": "fäul"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Old Norse",
      "lang_code": "non",
      "word": "fúll"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Gothic",
      "lang_code": "got",
      "roman": "fūls",
      "word": "𐍆𐌿𐌻𐍃"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*puH-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*púH-lo-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *púH-lo-s",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "pū́ti",
        "t": "to rot"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "pūs",
        "t": "foul, corrupt matter; pus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin pūs (“foul, corrupt matter; pus”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "पूयति",
        "t": "rots, smells"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit पूयति (pūyati, “rots, smells”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "پوسیدن",
        "t": "to rot",
        "tr": "pusidan"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian پوسیدن (pusidan, “to rot”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *púH-lo-s, from *puH- (“to be rotten; putrid”). Cognate with Lithuanian pū́ti (“to rot”), Latin pūs (“foul, corrupt matter; pus”), Sanskrit पूयति (pūyati, “rots, smells”), Persian پوسیدن (pusidan, “to rot”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "fūlammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "*fūlaz",
      "name": "gem-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/fūlaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "fawjaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "fūlą"
    },
    {
      "word": "fūlį̄"
    },
    {
      "word": "fūô"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "foul, dirty"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "foul",
          "foul"
        ],
        [
          "dirty",
          "dirty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "rotten"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "rotten",
          "rotten"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈɸuː.lɑz/"
    },
    {
      "rhymes": "-uː.lɑz"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "fūlaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for fūlaz meaning in All languages combined (11.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.